Just moving these over from facebook.
The preoccupation of all European powers pre-WWI was on the moral rightness of their victory, and this morality-minded mentality led to the illusion of a decisive victory for ALL sides (e.g. the Schlieffen Plan and the British delusion of 'home by Christmas'!)... this led to the basis of caluculations for supplies in all areas to be grievously underestimated, and led to the total lack of preparation evident in all countries (except perhaps Germany thanks to Rathenau?)- this would partially explain the devastating economic loss post-1918, not to mention France's early loss of the Birge area, which was a CRITICAL economic area!
All memory- any mistakes, apologies. Elaboration on blogspot when time allows.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
All facts and arguments from memory, I suspect strong influence from Taylor and Stone.
Supplement:
The Fascist Party's name 'Fascio di Combattimento' literally alludes to 'fighting', from which we can see their advocating of violence and hence their expansionist foreign policy.
Therefore, this explains:
Corfu, Fiume, Abyssinia, Albania, and even involvement in the Spanish Civil War.<-- already wrote during test.
Extraneous Point One:
Both Mussolini and Hitler were charismatic leaders with excellent oratory skills; nevertheless the basis of their support was that they were able to manipulate post-war resentment against the unfair treaties (e.g. Versailles). Thus it may be argued that support for the leaders of Nazism and Fascism was partially due to their promising to reverse post-war circumstances in Germany and Italy.
Extraneous Point Two:
Ooutrageous demands of the Versailles Treaty such as the creation of the Polish Corridor meant that even moderate Germans supported Hitler who might not done so otherwise, enabling the growth of Nazism in Germany.
Extraneous Point Three:
Post-war circumstances were harsh even in Allied countries. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 meant that economically, the Allied Powers were too weak to militarily suppress the aggressive activites of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Appeasement was their only option, and the delaying tactic of appeasement coupled with the Axis Powers' agression led to a state of mutual reinforcement. Note that Hitler's aggression greatly increased after the ineffectual sanction imposed by the League of Nations, and its useless moral condemnation.
Extraneous Point Four+Five:
Basically my argument is that after the high death toll of WWI the people in Allied countries did not want war, their anti-war sentiment pressurised their governments into the appeasement policy- see point 3 for explanation.
Furthermore they felt guilt over the highly unfair treaties, which was afterall a Diktat (dictator's peace).
Saturday, 23 April 2011
Wednesday, 9 March 2011
The Fighting Nazis- WWII NOTES.
DISCLAIMER: I DO NOT ADMIRE THE HOLOCAUST. ANY AND ALL REFERENCES I MAKE TO 'GOOD' PARTS OF THE NAZI REGIME ARE BASICALLY BECAUSE I AM SLEEP-DEPRIVED. OKAY? IT'S JUST COMING OUT FUNNY.
Please don't quote me. I am not an objective person, this is just one person oversharing.
Any and all stats n facts are quoted from my memory, so don't expect too much.
Nazism:
Background: Willy, the Kaiser and biggest klutz in history, stepped down. This is possibly the best thing that happened to Germany post-1872(i.e. being born). Feel sorry for Bismarck here.
On the other hand, Germany went to hell in a handbasket due to, you know, losing WW1. Cue the Versailles Treaty which is kinda scary in its harshness. Clemenceau was totally a Germanophobe.
At this point I would like to add that the military had BIG power during this period of time in Britain, France, Germany... even though they were all incredibly incompetent strategists and idiots.
Examples would include Winston Churchill. Around this time he was Second Sea Lord of the Admiralty and his planned expeditions were total fiascos, which is why people mocked him until WWII. Actually they still mocked him right until Monty belted Rommel in Africa, i.e. the loss of Tobruk and losing African campaign.
Don't even get me started on the French. dkfjsdlkldkgdvnkeniorhgnvd...
Righty ho. So anyway, being the progandists that they were, high command and little Willy kept the losing streak secret from the masses, so this is roughly what happened in 1918.
NEWPAPER: GERMANY PAWNED IN EPIC EPICNESS.
GERMAN PERSON: WHAT THE FUCK? WE'RE SUPPOSED TO BE WINNING.
NEWSPAPER: YOUR KAISER LIED TO YOU, SUCKER!!
GERMAN PERSON: IMMA RIP HIS B*LLS OFF.
... anyway, Willy stepped down.
I'd like to add that the Weimar government couldn't even step into power in Berlin, because of everyone there freaking over the Versailles Treaty, and losing a war. That's why they're called Weimar, yo.
Then the coalition governments began. You know that man in the Bible who had so many demons they were called Mob?
... yeah, Germany was kinda like that.
Germany went kind of mental, too.
That plus post-war circumstances? Ouchies.
People were either right-wing, left-wing, so swingers (here this term means swinging the wings daily).
Communism grew around this time.
Hitler the Ballsless (okay this is mean of me, I think he still had one) took advantage of this (not that way, perverts) by saying he loved it. (this sounds a bit weird)
... okay, by hating it. Businessmen liked the way he talked about communism: it made them feel safe and protected.
Until someone came along and spoiled Hitler's relationship. That dude was called Stresemann. No he is not a composer (the dude Hitler had a crush on was Wagner, esp. Die Nibelungen- Nordic myths revamp)
Stresemann did lovely things with cash though, and he sweet-talked the Americans into the Dawes Plan: money-lending.
For some period then, Germany had life going pretty well...
until the Wall Street Crash and Stresebaby died.
Yep, in the same year.
BAM! Germany went back under, and being the competents they were...
German politician Von Papen basically cajoled Hindenburg into letting Hitler become Chancellor to ward off Communist influence. Apparently he thought that Hitler would 'sober up' and that the other right-wingers would moderate his influence.
Unfortunately, the Reichstag fire and the SS made things a little more complicated.
One more thing: the SS had really sexy black uniforms courtesy of Hugo Boss, which is now being desgined by Graeme Black (2011). Blonde hair on black- admittedly Hitler was really good at creating image. Too bad he sucked at art himself.
I have to say though, Hitler did fulfill his posters: Arheit, Freiheit und Brot (work, freedom and bread). Granted through unscrupulous ways like banning trade unions, taking Jewish jobs and with state enterprises, but unemployment figures did drop.
By the way, Hitler had consistently ranted on Lebensraum (living space for Germans, i.e. territorial expansion) and the evil puppy-killing Versailles Treaty.
So I really don't know why they thought he wouldn't be a megalomaniac, considering Mein Kampf-y Chair. Ah well.
By the way, reintroducing conscription was a major win thing in the army. Night of Long Knives was SUPPORTED by many in the army, including Rommel (although he thought slaughtering Rohm and all his buddies was too severe).
And the Rhineland remilitarization in 1936? ... the army LOVED Die Fuhrer. The fact that he'd challenged Versailles and WON gave them MASSIVE... erm, happy things.
Btw, rmb the Italian Abyssinian invasion (1935-1936)? Allies were too busy freaking over that, and overlooked the teeny little Rhineland issue.
Besides, Germany-baby was just weclaiming its wightful tewwitowy, awwwwwww...
Apparently the Sudetenland, Austria, and the rest of Czechoslovakia was Germany's too.
Righttttttttt.
A/N:
More to be added later. I hope this was entertaining!
Again I apologize for any and all mistakes. My views of the high command are influenced by Norman Stone and A.J.P. Taylor, and my love for Rommel is due to the biography Desert Fox. Again, this is from memory and therefore do check before quoting me (esp. since I am high on caffeine, sleep-deprived and I don't have my notes with me). Thank you!!
Please don't quote me. I am not an objective person, this is just one person oversharing.
Any and all stats n facts are quoted from my memory, so don't expect too much.
Nazism:
Background: Willy, the Kaiser and biggest klutz in history, stepped down. This is possibly the best thing that happened to Germany post-1872(i.e. being born). Feel sorry for Bismarck here.
On the other hand, Germany went to hell in a handbasket due to, you know, losing WW1. Cue the Versailles Treaty which is kinda scary in its harshness. Clemenceau was totally a Germanophobe.
At this point I would like to add that the military had BIG power during this period of time in Britain, France, Germany... even though they were all incredibly incompetent strategists and idiots.
Examples would include Winston Churchill. Around this time he was Second Sea Lord of the Admiralty and his planned expeditions were total fiascos, which is why people mocked him until WWII. Actually they still mocked him right until Monty belted Rommel in Africa, i.e. the loss of Tobruk and losing African campaign.
Don't even get me started on the French. dkfjsdlkldkgdvnkeniorhgnvd...
Righty ho. So anyway, being the progandists that they were, high command and little Willy kept the losing streak secret from the masses, so this is roughly what happened in 1918.
NEWPAPER: GERMANY PAWNED IN EPIC EPICNESS.
GERMAN PERSON: WHAT THE FUCK? WE'RE SUPPOSED TO BE WINNING.
NEWSPAPER: YOUR KAISER LIED TO YOU, SUCKER!!
GERMAN PERSON: IMMA RIP HIS B*LLS OFF.
... anyway, Willy stepped down.
I'd like to add that the Weimar government couldn't even step into power in Berlin, because of everyone there freaking over the Versailles Treaty, and losing a war. That's why they're called Weimar, yo.
Then the coalition governments began. You know that man in the Bible who had so many demons they were called Mob?
... yeah, Germany was kinda like that.
Germany went kind of mental, too.
That plus post-war circumstances? Ouchies.
People were either right-wing, left-wing, so swingers (here this term means swinging the wings daily).
Communism grew around this time.
Hitler the Ballsless (okay this is mean of me, I think he still had one) took advantage of this (not that way, perverts) by saying he loved it. (this sounds a bit weird)
... okay, by hating it. Businessmen liked the way he talked about communism: it made them feel safe and protected.
Until someone came along and spoiled Hitler's relationship. That dude was called Stresemann. No he is not a composer (the dude Hitler had a crush on was Wagner, esp. Die Nibelungen- Nordic myths revamp)
Stresemann did lovely things with cash though, and he sweet-talked the Americans into the Dawes Plan: money-lending.
For some period then, Germany had life going pretty well...
until the Wall Street Crash and Stresebaby died.
Yep, in the same year.
BAM! Germany went back under, and being the competents they were...
German politician Von Papen basically cajoled Hindenburg into letting Hitler become Chancellor to ward off Communist influence. Apparently he thought that Hitler would 'sober up' and that the other right-wingers would moderate his influence.
Unfortunately, the Reichstag fire and the SS made things a little more complicated.
One more thing: the SS had really sexy black uniforms courtesy of Hugo Boss, which is now being desgined by Graeme Black (2011). Blonde hair on black- admittedly Hitler was really good at creating image. Too bad he sucked at art himself.
I have to say though, Hitler did fulfill his posters: Arheit, Freiheit und Brot (work, freedom and bread). Granted through unscrupulous ways like banning trade unions, taking Jewish jobs and with state enterprises, but unemployment figures did drop.
By the way, Hitler had consistently ranted on Lebensraum (living space for Germans, i.e. territorial expansion) and the evil puppy-killing Versailles Treaty.
So I really don't know why they thought he wouldn't be a megalomaniac, considering Mein Kampf-y Chair. Ah well.
By the way, reintroducing conscription was a major win thing in the army. Night of Long Knives was SUPPORTED by many in the army, including Rommel (although he thought slaughtering Rohm and all his buddies was too severe).
And the Rhineland remilitarization in 1936? ... the army LOVED Die Fuhrer. The fact that he'd challenged Versailles and WON gave them MASSIVE... erm, happy things.
Btw, rmb the Italian Abyssinian invasion (1935-1936)? Allies were too busy freaking over that, and overlooked the teeny little Rhineland issue.
Besides, Germany-baby was just weclaiming its wightful tewwitowy, awwwwwww...
Apparently the Sudetenland, Austria, and the rest of Czechoslovakia was Germany's too.
Righttttttttt.
A/N:
More to be added later. I hope this was entertaining!
Again I apologize for any and all mistakes. My views of the high command are influenced by Norman Stone and A.J.P. Taylor, and my love for Rommel is due to the biography Desert Fox. Again, this is from memory and therefore do check before quoting me (esp. since I am high on caffeine, sleep-deprived and I don't have my notes with me). Thank you!!
Military Campaigns of World War Two
Notes: Okay, so this is not that important for the A Levels, unlike the N/F Note that is STILL incomplete (similarly the planned rhapsody of longlegged blond Aryan SS men in their sexy sable SS suits *sibilant soundsex* is only important if you are a perv like me). But military history is teh sex. Now I don't study mil. hist. much, but I like WWII... and of WWII... Rommel is, like, OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH.
The Russian Front (Eastern), or,
Why Operation Barbarossa was a REALLY FUCKING STUPID MOVE, HITLER, YOU DUMBKOPF.
The Western Front (past the Maginot Line, and a messy little thing it is, too)
North Africa (ROMMEL. SWOON. GASP. LOVE. BLUSH. GIGGLE)
What dates and sweet promises failed to do, Panzer IVs and Tobruk's fall managed in 3 minutes.
The Russian Front (Eastern), or,
Why Operation Barbarossa was a REALLY FUCKING STUPID MOVE, HITLER, YOU DUMBKOPF.
The Western Front (past the Maginot Line, and a messy little thing it is, too)
North Africa (ROMMEL. SWOON. GASP. LOVE. BLUSH. GIGGLE)
What dates and sweet promises failed to do, Panzer IVs and Tobruk's fall managed in 3 minutes.
Nazism and Fascism; INCOMPLETE
History Notes! Will be updated...
Both Nazism and Fascism are extremely right states. Right- wing.
Some examples?
CULTURAL
Adocating Tradition: such as the ideal German/Italian being a peasant, and depicted as such in propaganada.
Nationalism: I shouldn't have to say this, but both Fascism and Nazism were extremely nationalistic. Fascism advocated 'Nothing outside the state', while Nazism shared a fairly similar view. This is best seen in the rigid, pervasive party rule, as well as their expansionist foreign policies- both emulated the Holy Roman Empire. The German term ‘lebensraum’ describes the insatiable aim of world domination.
PHILOSOPHICAL/IDEOLOGICAL
Anti-communist stance: Both Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler hated communists- for instance Hitler believed in the Stab in the Back theory: communists and evilllllllll politicians were responsible for BETRAYING THE FATHERLAND WITH VERSAILLES. OH, THE HORROR.
Anti-Versailles
They weren't just authoritarian... Authoritarianism----> Totalitarianism (extreme form)
SOCIAL
Economic ‘Third Position’: neither capitalism nor communism.
In accordance with the Corporate State in totalitarian ideals of Fascism and Nazism. Both of them believed in nationalizin business enterprises.
SIMILAR ASPECTS (PLUS TOTALITARIANISM)
EDUCATION AND PROPAGANDA
They broadcast propaganda through the state-controlled mass media. Why was Goebbels so powerful? Because he was the Propaganda Minister during the Third Reich. Fairly obvious, really. Censorship and media clampdowns were common in both regimes, however, so don't just bash Germany.
Both states indoctinated their youth with party policies and ideology. For instance, Fascism and Nazism was taught in schools with the teachers monitored, and there was the Hitler Youth and the League of German Maidens in, you guessed it, Germany.
SINGLE PARTY STATES
POLICE STATES
CORPORATE STATES
PERSONALITY CULTS
STATE IDEOLOGY
STATE CONTROL
EXPANSIONIST FOREIGN POLICIES:
Elaboration: totalitarian states wanted to expand, win glory, fame, land, resources, and support their population, generally by beating up somebody else’s.
Differences:
Anti-semitism was far more evident in Nazi Germany. Example? The State-administered 'Final Solution', the Holocaust, Shoah; possibly the worst human rights abuse in history: a genocide of six million European Jews. Not to mention Kristallnacht, the Nuremberg Race Laws…
Aims:
Glorify and strengthen their country so that they would never suffer humiliation like that meted out by the Western powers post-WW1 attracted a lot of people.
Get revenge on the Allies for the national humiliation (particularly in Germany’s case)
Expand their countries to become vast empires, possibly the WORLD (in Germany’s case, this is an advancement upon Wilhelm’s pre-WW1 Weltpolitik).
REASONS:
1. THE VERSAILLES TREATY- GERMANY
416/440 clauses of Versailles? Were for punishing Germany.
FINANCIALLY:
Reparations of 6,600 million pounds
Loss of the Saar Coalfield
Loss of Alsace-Lorraine
MILITARILY:
Army: 100,000 men
No tanks
No submarines
No airforce
Demilitarised Rhineland
SIX battleships
This harmed Germany's national sovereignty, security and made her vulnerable to external/internal threat. Note that the army was unable to suppress the November Revolution, plus the subsequent putsches, without the aid of the Freikorps.
TERRITORIAL
Anschluss
Alsace-Lorraine,
Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium
North Schleswig to Denmark
Land to Czechoslovakia and Poland for creating the Polish Corridor- pissed off even moderate Germans. Why? Well, this actually split German territories from the main part of Germany, and denied the principle of national self-determination.
War Guilt Clause- Even France and Britain felt bad after a while, let alone the Germans.
Weimar Republic:
Democratic constitution that ruled Germany.
Mutinies, riots and Allied pressure led to Wilhelm's abdication. Afterwards, some felt that democracy had been forced on Germany.
Timeline of Revolutions:
The Spartacists- 1919 (extreme left-wing communists)
Munich 1919 (communists)
Kapp putsch 1920 (led by the Freikorps and supported by the army)
Munich putsch 1923 (Adolf Hitler's first and failed attempt. This led to him being imprisoned for a few months, during which he wrote Mein Kampfy Chair, which is German for My Gay Furniture.)
Crises:
Widespread discontentment with Versailles: national humiliation, anger at weakness and 'betrayal'.
Freikorps: The Weimar government possessed no militia of their own and were forced to rely on the Freikorps. This made Germany exceedingly vulnerable to internal and external threat, as demonstrated by the Kapp putsch.
Weaknesses
The Weimar republic was extremely weak, as it was burdened by the financial reparations demanded by Versailles. Furthermore, it was militarily weakened by post-war damage as well as the clauses of the Versailles Treaty. Therefore it had to rely on the Freikorps to suppress revolts such as that of the Spartacists in 1919, and could not suppress the Kapp putsch of the Freikorps in 1920. People therefore felt that the new democracy was weak, and began to support autocratic forms of government.
In addition, this was the first time in Germany's history she had a democratic, constitutional form of government. The politicians therefore lacked experience and did not know how to cooperate in order to solve national problems.
Individual militia were too strong, and remaining high command still had a strong influence over German politics. As a result, the decisions of politicians were hampered.
Due to the implementation of proportional representation, there were many political parties respresented in the Weimar Republic. As a result it was extremely hard for them to reach a consensus, especially with both extreme left and extreme right groups within the coalitions. Therefore, it was impossible for Germany to be politically unified. With the high turnover rate of coalition governments, it was impossible to find a national solution to German problems.
Many revolutions furthered drained Germany's treaury, as well as costing valuable resources and time. This also hampered cooperation between different political parties, as both the extreme left and right opposed the Weimar government through force and had different reactions to the crises. This also hindered the Weimar government's attempts to stabilise Germany, and rendered it unable to deal with the political discontent’s root causes.
As a result of the republic’s forced to sign Versailles, as well as its ineptness creating hyperinflation (such as the passive resistance in the Ruhr and overprinting money), not to mention its inability to deal with postwar circumstances (in 1929, the Wall Street Crash and Stresemann’s death worsened the situation), discontent with the weak democracy was high. People felt Nazism promised strong and decisive leadership that would end the turmoil and problems. Nazism promised prosperity, employment and glory; none of which the Weimar Republic could achieve.
November Revolution
Fascist Aggression
Nazi Agression
Both Nazism and Fascism are extremely right states. Right- wing.
Some examples?
CULTURAL
Adocating Tradition: such as the ideal German/Italian being a peasant, and depicted as such in propaganada.
Nationalism: I shouldn't have to say this, but both Fascism and Nazism were extremely nationalistic. Fascism advocated 'Nothing outside the state', while Nazism shared a fairly similar view. This is best seen in the rigid, pervasive party rule, as well as their expansionist foreign policies- both emulated the Holy Roman Empire. The German term ‘lebensraum’ describes the insatiable aim of world domination.
PHILOSOPHICAL/IDEOLOGICAL
Anti-communist stance: Both Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler hated communists- for instance Hitler believed in the Stab in the Back theory: communists and evilllllllll politicians were responsible for BETRAYING THE FATHERLAND WITH VERSAILLES. OH, THE HORROR.
Anti-Versailles
They weren't just authoritarian... Authoritarianism----> Totalitarianism (extreme form)
SOCIAL
Economic ‘Third Position’: neither capitalism nor communism.
In accordance with the Corporate State in totalitarian ideals of Fascism and Nazism. Both of them believed in nationalizin business enterprises.
SIMILAR ASPECTS (PLUS TOTALITARIANISM)
EDUCATION AND PROPAGANDA
They broadcast propaganda through the state-controlled mass media. Why was Goebbels so powerful? Because he was the Propaganda Minister during the Third Reich. Fairly obvious, really. Censorship and media clampdowns were common in both regimes, however, so don't just bash Germany.
Both states indoctinated their youth with party policies and ideology. For instance, Fascism and Nazism was taught in schools with the teachers monitored, and there was the Hitler Youth and the League of German Maidens in, you guessed it, Germany.
SINGLE PARTY STATES
POLICE STATES
CORPORATE STATES
PERSONALITY CULTS
STATE IDEOLOGY
STATE CONTROL
EXPANSIONIST FOREIGN POLICIES:
Elaboration: totalitarian states wanted to expand, win glory, fame, land, resources, and support their population, generally by beating up somebody else’s.
Differences:
Anti-semitism was far more evident in Nazi Germany. Example? The State-administered 'Final Solution', the Holocaust, Shoah; possibly the worst human rights abuse in history: a genocide of six million European Jews. Not to mention Kristallnacht, the Nuremberg Race Laws…
Aims:
Glorify and strengthen their country so that they would never suffer humiliation like that meted out by the Western powers post-WW1 attracted a lot of people.
Get revenge on the Allies for the national humiliation (particularly in Germany’s case)
Expand their countries to become vast empires, possibly the WORLD (in Germany’s case, this is an advancement upon Wilhelm’s pre-WW1 Weltpolitik).
REASONS:
1. THE VERSAILLES TREATY- GERMANY
416/440 clauses of Versailles? Were for punishing Germany.
FINANCIALLY:
Reparations of 6,600 million pounds
Loss of the Saar Coalfield
Loss of Alsace-Lorraine
MILITARILY:
Army: 100,000 men
No tanks
No submarines
No airforce
Demilitarised Rhineland
SIX battleships
This harmed Germany's national sovereignty, security and made her vulnerable to external/internal threat. Note that the army was unable to suppress the November Revolution, plus the subsequent putsches, without the aid of the Freikorps.
TERRITORIAL
Anschluss
Alsace-Lorraine,
Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium
North Schleswig to Denmark
Land to Czechoslovakia and Poland for creating the Polish Corridor- pissed off even moderate Germans. Why? Well, this actually split German territories from the main part of Germany, and denied the principle of national self-determination.
War Guilt Clause- Even France and Britain felt bad after a while, let alone the Germans.
Weimar Republic:
Democratic constitution that ruled Germany.
Mutinies, riots and Allied pressure led to Wilhelm's abdication. Afterwards, some felt that democracy had been forced on Germany.
Timeline of Revolutions:
The Spartacists- 1919 (extreme left-wing communists)
Munich 1919 (communists)
Kapp putsch 1920 (led by the Freikorps and supported by the army)
Munich putsch 1923 (Adolf Hitler's first and failed attempt. This led to him being imprisoned for a few months, during which he wrote Mein Kampfy Chair, which is German for My Gay Furniture.)
Crises:
Widespread discontentment with Versailles: national humiliation, anger at weakness and 'betrayal'.
Freikorps: The Weimar government possessed no militia of their own and were forced to rely on the Freikorps. This made Germany exceedingly vulnerable to internal and external threat, as demonstrated by the Kapp putsch.
Weaknesses
The Weimar republic was extremely weak, as it was burdened by the financial reparations demanded by Versailles. Furthermore, it was militarily weakened by post-war damage as well as the clauses of the Versailles Treaty. Therefore it had to rely on the Freikorps to suppress revolts such as that of the Spartacists in 1919, and could not suppress the Kapp putsch of the Freikorps in 1920. People therefore felt that the new democracy was weak, and began to support autocratic forms of government.
In addition, this was the first time in Germany's history she had a democratic, constitutional form of government. The politicians therefore lacked experience and did not know how to cooperate in order to solve national problems.
Individual militia were too strong, and remaining high command still had a strong influence over German politics. As a result, the decisions of politicians were hampered.
Due to the implementation of proportional representation, there were many political parties respresented in the Weimar Republic. As a result it was extremely hard for them to reach a consensus, especially with both extreme left and extreme right groups within the coalitions. Therefore, it was impossible for Germany to be politically unified. With the high turnover rate of coalition governments, it was impossible to find a national solution to German problems.
Many revolutions furthered drained Germany's treaury, as well as costing valuable resources and time. This also hampered cooperation between different political parties, as both the extreme left and right opposed the Weimar government through force and had different reactions to the crises. This also hindered the Weimar government's attempts to stabilise Germany, and rendered it unable to deal with the political discontent’s root causes.
As a result of the republic’s forced to sign Versailles, as well as its ineptness creating hyperinflation (such as the passive resistance in the Ruhr and overprinting money), not to mention its inability to deal with postwar circumstances (in 1929, the Wall Street Crash and Stresemann’s death worsened the situation), discontent with the weak democracy was high. People felt Nazism promised strong and decisive leadership that would end the turmoil and problems. Nazism promised prosperity, employment and glory; none of which the Weimar Republic could achieve.
November Revolution
Fascist Aggression
Nazi Agression
Monday, 10 January 2011
An Update.
Wow, I haven't been on here in ages.
Mainly due to actually being a responsible schoolgirl. And in a school like mine that's a LOT of work.
This here is a love poem. It's dedicated to my friends.
I will explain in notes after this.
I Love You
Let’s lie down together
In a platonic tangle,
So I can rest my worry
In your loosened limbs.
Don’t overanalyze my comfort:
It’s a child’s within his mother.
Don’t read erotic guilt
Into fingers flexing to cling closer
To your curved breast bone.
Because this is love, love is the cause,
Of this moment stunned in quietness.
I am one of those annoying tactile people. Up to me, I'd hug my friends non stop. Chalk it up to years of deprivation, yo.
Mainly due to actually being a responsible schoolgirl. And in a school like mine that's a LOT of work.
This here is a love poem. It's dedicated to my friends.
I will explain in notes after this.
I Love You
Let’s lie down together
In a platonic tangle,
So I can rest my worry
In your loosened limbs.
Don’t overanalyze my comfort:
It’s a child’s within his mother.
Don’t read erotic guilt
Into fingers flexing to cling closer
To your curved breast bone.
Because this is love, love is the cause,
Of this moment stunned in quietness.
I am one of those annoying tactile people. Up to me, I'd hug my friends non stop. Chalk it up to years of deprivation, yo.
Friday, 2 April 2010
A Sequel To Midsummer- WIP!
I stand here now, where once the willow trees
Would lean with grave upon the wind. But now
The sun makes light of naught but sullen breeze-
To such straits Nature fallen!- to thus bow
To her patron and her king. So have we fared,
In circumstance reduced. Once proud and fey,
We swelled with man's belief, until men dared
in surety to surpass their gods. So'st day
Hast come in light unbeseeming twilight.
Yea, twilight gods are we, shrunk in dark gloom
our stature. Men dwarf our widowed might,
forge faith anew-and shun the earthy loam.
The tuneful hound is silent, day is cold.
Delved to the bones the barren earth must yield
up the ghost. Once warmed earth, the cool mold
That forged men is forged in turn. Doom is sealed.
Aye, our doom, for men have closed their minds.
Anew their world, suited to their fancy
Have they made. Iron bones, tight-shuttered blinds
Made 'gainst our kind. Aged gallancy,
Dated love. The forest dims. The cold ore,
deadened in earth's forge, heeds not our sway.
Shadow's shadows are we made. The old lore
Is forgotten, as night becomes soft day.
For soft and cold is day, a lovely frost
That spreads daily o'er our dominions.
While we, beliking hawks whose grace is lost,
Must suffer boys to pluck our pinions.
yet once we ruled the leaf loam, nature's will.
Our domain spanned argent moon to land.
Then it was that no farmer would dare till
Our greenwoods, nor freeman lift a hand.
Lest the fey folk come in the midst of night,
To make all his rough mirth become his grief.
Could we not dance in thunder, bid stars light?
Who would dare to greet us with face unlief?
We beckoned trees to grow, to sink their roots;
Called the woodland, plains and grass our home.
We who built great henges with our flutes,
By singing stone o'er sea to root in loam.
So we made merry while the earth was young.
Why should we not? For life was all our sport.
Yet like a bow of yore once tightly strung
But lately slackened- we of fairy sort
Have dwindled, and our years have ran
With our graces.
Would lean with grave upon the wind. But now
The sun makes light of naught but sullen breeze-
To such straits Nature fallen!- to thus bow
To her patron and her king. So have we fared,
In circumstance reduced. Once proud and fey,
We swelled with man's belief, until men dared
in surety to surpass their gods. So'st day
Hast come in light unbeseeming twilight.
Yea, twilight gods are we, shrunk in dark gloom
our stature. Men dwarf our widowed might,
forge faith anew-and shun the earthy loam.
The tuneful hound is silent, day is cold.
Delved to the bones the barren earth must yield
up the ghost. Once warmed earth, the cool mold
That forged men is forged in turn. Doom is sealed.
Aye, our doom, for men have closed their minds.
Anew their world, suited to their fancy
Have they made. Iron bones, tight-shuttered blinds
Made 'gainst our kind. Aged gallancy,
Dated love. The forest dims. The cold ore,
deadened in earth's forge, heeds not our sway.
Shadow's shadows are we made. The old lore
Is forgotten, as night becomes soft day.
For soft and cold is day, a lovely frost
That spreads daily o'er our dominions.
While we, beliking hawks whose grace is lost,
Must suffer boys to pluck our pinions.
yet once we ruled the leaf loam, nature's will.
Our domain spanned argent moon to land.
Then it was that no farmer would dare till
Our greenwoods, nor freeman lift a hand.
Lest the fey folk come in the midst of night,
To make all his rough mirth become his grief.
Could we not dance in thunder, bid stars light?
Who would dare to greet us with face unlief?
We beckoned trees to grow, to sink their roots;
Called the woodland, plains and grass our home.
We who built great henges with our flutes,
By singing stone o'er sea to root in loam.
So we made merry while the earth was young.
Why should we not? For life was all our sport.
Yet like a bow of yore once tightly strung
But lately slackened- we of fairy sort
Have dwindled, and our years have ran
With our graces.
Monday, 22 March 2010
Jaws- Part 1 and 2 (complete work)
To the readers:
I'd just like to warn you that certain stories are vehicles for terrible, terrible puns. Most of the stories are serious or at least attempting to be. Those that aren't? Will have a warning tag. This here is the warning. BEWARE OF PART TWO!
Dedicated to the Penguin- the only way I could make Jaws 'FUNNY' was with Tillsbury.
Additional Note: For proper acoustics, tribal mer songs should be sung in the bathtub with your head underwater. If you want them to sound 'authentic', I suggest you dislocate your jaw.
Part One:
The bestial roar of triumph echoed across the bleak miles of ocean, as the massive predator breached the ocean, its prey clenched tightly in its jaws. The weight of its prey meant that the merman hung in the air for several seconds before arcing back into the water. The unfortunate shark bucked wildly, but to no avail. The razor-like teeth of the merman sunk savagely into its prey's flesh. The shark finally stopped struggling and hung limp in the merman's jaws. The merman, seeing that its meal was assured, arrogantly let loose of its prey and roared again, the sonic echoes asserting its dominance in its territory.
Part Two:
The Food Chain of the Ocean
In the oxygen rich waters of Av'rit, sharks are not predators, as they were in the waters of Earth, but prey to the native humanoids. These humanoids, despite their resemblance to those of Earth, recognize no bonds of kinship. And for this reason alone, those humans who research the marine life of Av'rit do not always come back.
Currently in the submersile pod of the submarine Belaquec lab, approximately 120 helotecs from the sea surface! A relaxing holiday after the slums of Marresh. Besides me is Professor Montessery. In the submersile, the Eignere's a nervous wreck, puffing one cigarillo after another. She's smoking all of us to lung cancer, but then we just witnessed a mer breaching- the same mer that ate her husband. A smokescreen against what happened earlier today can hardly be begrudged the poor thing.
Several technicians are still recuperating from the loss suffered by the mer breach- an entire monitoring station gone with the physical operating systems, as well as 2.64 terabytes worth of data. Their colleagues are attempting to console them, but such hertz rarely fade when those who suffer love their art. I only hope that they find hobbies to distract them from their grief. Go Phish was suggested by a friend, who found the whole thing inordinately amusing. Apparently it's a computer game of some sort. Perhaps some sort of cyber solitaire?
Anyway, a few scientists have left for the lower labs, claiming that security here is substandard. With their arrogance and shady experiments... cons descending, the lot of them. Afterall, we are already accompanied by a bevy of the best armed forces in the ocean-but even highly trained Marines are no match for mers (which have 4 sets of dislocatable jaws to snap sharks in two).
I suggested simply avoiding these predators, but I was met with nothing but sargassum from my piers in the expedition (some of which have left this morning. Hurrah!). Caution in dealing with megapredators is hardly uncalled for; their pointy and hurtful remarks only served to showcase their own shortcomings.
That said, being immersed in oceanic Av'rit has been truly wonderful. Despite the abyssmal equipment of underwater Belaquec, I couldn't help but feel buoyed up by the wealth of information on the subterrean treches of Velua. In particular, the cheering discovery this morning of the oceanic mountains 6.84 arc seconds north of the r. prime (as desginated by the Observatory Royal of Mantua Loa). You may imagine our relief at finding the topography.
But now I must attend a conference concerning the missing data. If I miss one lecture again I shall be lectured by Eignere Veran, and her byte's as bad as her bark.
~ Professor Tillsbury, Dracologian of the Palace Royal, Mantua Loa. March. 1804.
I'd just like to warn you that certain stories are vehicles for terrible, terrible puns. Most of the stories are serious or at least attempting to be. Those that aren't? Will have a warning tag. This here is the warning. BEWARE OF PART TWO!
Dedicated to the Penguin- the only way I could make Jaws 'FUNNY' was with Tillsbury.
Additional Note: For proper acoustics, tribal mer songs should be sung in the bathtub with your head underwater. If you want them to sound 'authentic', I suggest you dislocate your jaw.
Part One:
The bestial roar of triumph echoed across the bleak miles of ocean, as the massive predator breached the ocean, its prey clenched tightly in its jaws. The weight of its prey meant that the merman hung in the air for several seconds before arcing back into the water. The unfortunate shark bucked wildly, but to no avail. The razor-like teeth of the merman sunk savagely into its prey's flesh. The shark finally stopped struggling and hung limp in the merman's jaws. The merman, seeing that its meal was assured, arrogantly let loose of its prey and roared again, the sonic echoes asserting its dominance in its territory.
Part Two:
The Food Chain of the Ocean
In the oxygen rich waters of Av'rit, sharks are not predators, as they were in the waters of Earth, but prey to the native humanoids. These humanoids, despite their resemblance to those of Earth, recognize no bonds of kinship. And for this reason alone, those humans who research the marine life of Av'rit do not always come back.
Currently in the submersile pod of the submarine Belaquec lab, approximately 120 helotecs from the sea surface! A relaxing holiday after the slums of Marresh. Besides me is Professor Montessery. In the submersile, the Eignere's a nervous wreck, puffing one cigarillo after another. She's smoking all of us to lung cancer, but then we just witnessed a mer breaching- the same mer that ate her husband. A smokescreen against what happened earlier today can hardly be begrudged the poor thing.
Several technicians are still recuperating from the loss suffered by the mer breach- an entire monitoring station gone with the physical operating systems, as well as 2.64 terabytes worth of data. Their colleagues are attempting to console them, but such hertz rarely fade when those who suffer love their art. I only hope that they find hobbies to distract them from their grief. Go Phish was suggested by a friend, who found the whole thing inordinately amusing. Apparently it's a computer game of some sort. Perhaps some sort of cyber solitaire?
Anyway, a few scientists have left for the lower labs, claiming that security here is substandard. With their arrogance and shady experiments... cons descending, the lot of them. Afterall, we are already accompanied by a bevy of the best armed forces in the ocean-but even highly trained Marines are no match for mers (which have 4 sets of dislocatable jaws to snap sharks in two).
I suggested simply avoiding these predators, but I was met with nothing but sargassum from my piers in the expedition (some of which have left this morning. Hurrah!). Caution in dealing with megapredators is hardly uncalled for; their pointy and hurtful remarks only served to showcase their own shortcomings.
That said, being immersed in oceanic Av'rit has been truly wonderful. Despite the abyssmal equipment of underwater Belaquec, I couldn't help but feel buoyed up by the wealth of information on the subterrean treches of Velua. In particular, the cheering discovery this morning of the oceanic mountains 6.84 arc seconds north of the r. prime (as desginated by the Observatory Royal of Mantua Loa). You may imagine our relief at finding the topography.
But now I must attend a conference concerning the missing data. If I miss one lecture again I shall be lectured by Eignere Veran, and her byte's as bad as her bark.
~ Professor Tillsbury, Dracologian of the Palace Royal, Mantua Loa. March. 1804.
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